2012
Abstract:
Poor urban neighborhoods have been labeled
“food deserts” with few grocery stores and
mainly fast food restaurants. Alternatively,
according to popular media and a few academic
studies, the arrival of upscale eateries and
“boutique” shopping venues is one of the most
visible signs of a shift in a neighborhood’s
income or demographics. Certainly some
formerly low-income neighborhoods that have
been gentrified, such as New York’s Lower East
Side or San Francisco’s Mission District, now are
known for their trendy shops, restaurants and
bars. Collectively, anecdotes suggest that retail
establishments are more prevalent in affluent
neighborhoods than poor ones. However, highincome households may not view all types of
retail as amenities: big box stores, for example,
have incurred local opposition.